vergil aen 1.12-33

P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid 1.12–33

Juno, the queen of the gods and divine patron of Carthage, harbors an enduring hatred of the Trojans rooted in old grudges: among them the Judgment of Paris and fears a prophecy that the Trojan race will one day destroy her beloved city.

Tier 1

fuit urbs antīqua. nōmen urbis erat Karthāgō. Karthāgō erat contrā Ītaliam. urbs erat dīves et fortissima bellō. Iūnō hanc urbem maximē amāvit. in Karthāgine erant arma Iūnōnis et currus Iūnōnis. dea voluit Karthāginem regere tōtum mundum.

sed Iūnō audīvit: genus Trōiānum ōlim Karthāginem superābit. hic populus veniet et Libyam superābit.

Iūnō hoc timēbat. Iūnō erat fīlia Sāturnī. Iūnō memor erat veteris bellī ad Trōiam. adhūc īrāta erat. in mente manēbat iūdicium Paridis.

itaque Iūnō Trōiānōs longē ā Latiō arcēbat. fāta Trōiānōs per mare tōtum ēgerant. Trōiānī errābant per multōs annōs circum omnia maria. Rōmānī multōs labōrēs habēbant. sīc gentem Rōmānam condidērunt.

Tier 2

Tier 3

Tier 4 - Carmen Ipsum

Tier 4 - Carmen Ipsum (AP Core Vocabulary)

urbs antīqua fuit (Tyriī tenuēre colōnī)
Karthāgō, Ītaliam contra Tiberīnaque longē
ostia, dīves opum studiīsque asperrima bellī,
quam Iūnō fertur terrīs magis omnibus ūnam

AP Core Vocabulary

urbs, urbis (f.)=city

antīquus, -a, -um=ancient, old

sum, esse, fuī=be, exist; fuit, there was

teneō, -ēre, tenuī, tentum=hold, occupy; tenuēre = tenuērunt

Karthāgō, -inis (f.)=Carthage

Ītalia, -ae (f.)=Italy

contrā=opposite, facing (+ acc.)

-que=and (enclitic)

longē=far off, at a distance

dīves, -itis=rich (+ gen., rich in)

ops, opis (f.)=power; pl., resources, wealth

bellum, -ī (n.)=war

quī, quae, quod=who, which

Iūnō, -ōnis (f.)=Juno

ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum=bear, carry; passive, be said, be reported

terra, -ae (f.)=land, earth

magis=more

omnis, -e=all, every

ūnus, -a, -um=one, alone, above all

posthabitā coluisse Samō. hīc illius arma,
hīc currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse,
si quā fāta sinant, iam tum tenditque fovētque.

colō, -ere, coluī, cultum=cultivate, cherish, foster

hīc=here, in this place (adv.)

ille, illa, illud=that; illīus = gen. sg.

arma, -ōrum (n. pl.)=arms, weapons

currus, -ūs (m.)=chariot

sum, esse, fuī=be, exist

hic, haec, hoc=this

regnum, -ī (n.)=kingdom, realm

dea, -ae (f.)=goddess

gēns, gentis (f.)=people, nation, tribe

sī=if

quī, quae, quod=who, which; sī quā, if in any way (adverbial)

fātum, -ī (n.)=fate, destiny

tum=then, at that time

tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentum=stretch, strive, aim

-que=and (enclitic)

prōgeniem sed enim Trōiānō a sanguine dūcī
audierat Tyriās ōlim quae verteret arcēs;
hinc populum lātē rēgem bellōque superbum
ventūrum excidiō Libyae; sīc volvere Parcās.

sed=but; sed enim, but in fact, however

enim=for, indeed

Trōiānus, -a, -um=Trojan

ā, ab=from (+ abl.)

sanguis, -inis (m.)=blood, lineage, stock

dūcō, -ere, -xī, -ctum=lead, draw; passive, be descended

audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum=hear; audierat = audīverat

quī, quae, quod=who, which

vertō, -ere, -ī, versum=turn, overturn, destroy

arx, arcis (f.)=citadel, fortress

hinc=from this place, from this source

populus, -ī (m.)=people, nation

rēx, rēgis (m.)=king; here adj., kingly, ruling

bellum, -ī (n.)=war

-que=and (enclitic)

superbus, -a, -um=proud, haughty

veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum=come

sīc=thus, so

volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtum=roll, spin out, decree

id metuēns veterisque memor Sāturnia bellī,
prīma quod ad Trōiam prō cārīs gesserat Argīs
necdum etiam causae īrārum saevīque dolōrēs
exciderant animō; manet altā mente repostum

metuō, -ere, -uī=fear, dread

vetus, -eris=old, former

-que=and (enclitic)

memor, -oris=mindful, unforgetting (+ gen.)

bellum, -ī (n.)=war

prīmus, -a, -um=first; here adv., first, at the forefront

quī, quae, quod=who, which; quod here = which (war)

ad=to, at (+ acc.)

Trōia, -ae (f.)=Troy

prō=on behalf of, for (+ abl.)

cārus, -a, -um=dear, beloved

gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum=carry on, wage (bellum gerere, wage war)

nec, neque=and not, nor; necdum, and not yet

causa, -ae (f.)=cause, reason

īra, -ae (f.)=anger, wrath

saevus, -a, -um=savage, fierce

dolor, -ōris (m.)=pain, grief, resentment

animus, -ī (m.)=mind, spirit, heart

maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsum=remain, stay

altus, -a, -um=high, deep

mēns, mentis (f.)=mind

iūdicium Paridis sprētaeque iniūria fōrmae
et genus invīsum et raptī Ganymēdis honōrēs:

-que=and (enclitic)

iniūria, -ae (f.)=injury, insult, wrong

forma, -ae (f.)=form, beauty

genus, -eris (n.)=race, stock, lineage

rapiō, -ere, -puī, -ptum=snatch, carry off

honor (honōs), -ōris (m.)=honor; pl., honors paid, distinctions

hīs accēnsa super iactātōs aequore totō
Trōas, reliquiās Danaum atque immītis Achillī,
arcēbat longē Latiō, multōsque per annōs

hic, haec, hoc=this; hīs = abl. pl., by these things

accendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum=kindle, inflame

super=over, above; here adv., in addition, besides

iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum=toss about, buffet

aequor, -oris (n.)=level surface, sea

tōtus, -a, -um=whole, all

Teucrī, -ōrum (m. pl.)=Teucrians, Trojans; Trōas = Greek acc. pl.

Danaī, -ōrum (m. pl.)=Greeks; Danaum = Danaōrum (gen. pl.)

atque, ac=and

longē=far off, at a distance

Latium, -ī (n.)=Latium

multus, -a, -um=much, many

-que=and (enclitic)

per=through (+ acc.)

annus, -ī (m.)=year

errābant actī fātīs maria omnia circum.
tantae mōlis erat Rōmānam condere gentem.

errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum=wander, stray

agō, -ere, ēgī, actum=drive, do; passive, be driven

fātum, -ī (n.)=fate, destiny

mare, -is (n.)=sea

omnis, -e=all, every

circum=around (+ acc.)

tantus, -a, -um=so great, so much

sum, esse, fuī=be, exist

Rōmānus, -a, -um=Roman

condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum=found, establish

gēns, gentis (f.)=people, nation

P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid 1.12–33

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 3

Tier 4 - Carmen Ipsum

Tier 4 - Carmen Ipsum (AP Core Vocabulary)

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