Horace, Epode 5.47-60
hīc inresectum saeva dente lividō
Canidia rōdēns pollicem
quid dixit aut quid tacuit? 'ō rēbus meīs
nōn īnfidēlēs arbitrae,
Nox et Diana, quae silentium regis,
arcāna cum fīunt sacra,
nunc, nunc adeste, nunc in hostilīs domōs
īram atque nūmen vertite.
formidulōsīs cum latent silvīs ferae
dulcī sopore languidae,
senem, quod omnēs rideant, adulterum
latrent Subūrānae canēs
nardō perunctum, quale non perfectius
meae labōrārint manus.
Operatives, in the past you have seen several different uses for both the accusative and the ablative case.
Most often you have seen the accusative as either the object of a transitive verb or as the object of a preposition. Consider the following:
Recentia Clodia canem videt.
Recentia Clodia sees the dog.
Recentia Clodia ad canem ambulat.
Recentia Clodia walks towards the dog.
Now consider this new use of the accusative:
duās horās Recentia Clodia ludit.
Recentia Clodia plays for two hours.
nonās annōs Recentia Clodia Romae habitavit.
Recentia Clodia lived at Rome for nine years.
In both examples the boldfaced words indicate the extent or duration of time in which some action took place. In Latin, this notion of time how long is achieved by using the accusative case with no preposition.
Operatives, in addition to the accusative of time, there is also an ablative of time. While the accusative of time describes the extent or duration of time, the ablative of time describes the time when an action took place. Obviously, because it is called the ablative of time, it uses the ablative case. However, unlike many other constructions you have seen with the ablative, this ablative construction does not use a preposition. Consider the following examples which employ the ablative of time:
quintō diē Clodia ad Graeciam profecta est.
On the fifth day, Clodia set out to Greece.
duodecimō horā ad forum advenit.
At the twelfth hour he arrived at the forum.
Notice, operatives, how the two different time constructions are translated. The accusative of time translates best as "for an amount of time" whereas the ablative of time best translates as "on or at a certain time."
aegrōtō, aegrōtāre, aegrōtāvī, aegrōtātus | to be sick, to suffer | verb |
argentum, argentī - n | silver, silver plate, money | noun |
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus | to tax, assess, rate, estimate, be of the opinion | verb |
cibus, cibī - m | food | noun |
crēber, crēbra, crēbrum | thick, crowded, close together, frequent | adjective |
incantātrix, incantātricis - f | enchantress, witch | noun |
incantō, incantāre, incantāvī, incantātus | to enchanted, to cast a spell | verb |
magīa, magīae - f | magic, sorcery | noun |
mēnsa, mēnsae - f | table | noun |
nefās - n (indeclinable) | something contrary to divine law, an impious deed, sin, crime | noun |
nepōs, nepōtis - m | grandson, descendant | noun |
perditus, perdita, perditum | lost | adjective |
quassō, quassāre, quassāvī, quassātus | to shake, toss | verb |
quoniam | since now, since then, since, seeing that, as, because, whereas | adverb |
stupefaciō, stupefacere, stupefēcī, stupefactus | to make stupid, strike senseless, benumb, stun, stupefy | verb |
Subūra, Subūrae - f | a busy quarter in Rome, between the Esquiline, Viminal, and Quirinal, with booths and vegetable markets | noun |
venēfica, venēficae - f | witch, sorcerer, poisoner | noun |
venēnum, venēnī - n | poison | noun |
vultus, vultūs - m | face | noun |
CULTURALIA Comprehension Questions
Directions: Using the CULTURALIA section of your CODEX as a guide, answer the following questions:
dē Suburā
1. Where is the Roman Subura located?
2. Briefly describe the Subura; the people who lived there, the type of housing, the type of activities.
3. In what ways was the Subura a cultural crossroads in Rome?
4. Who is arguably the most famous former resident of the Subura?
dē Magīā
1. Why would the fabrication of poison be closely associated with magic and witchcraft?
2. Why would the Subura be a location associated with witchcraft in Rome? Can you think of modern parallels?
3. What are some of the themes in Horace's Epode V concerning the art of magic and witchcraft?