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CODEX 19.1

 

Please make your selection from the above CODEX menu options for Episode 19.1

KEY-TEXT

Adapted from Tacitus Dē vitā Gnaeī Iūliī Agricolae

Agricola, cum haec gesta in prīmō annō perēgisset, fāmam pācis futūrae augēbat. vel incuriā vel intolerantiā priōrēs Agricolae fēcerant pacem haud minus timendam quam bellum, sed ubī aestās advēnit, saepe in mīlitibus erat Agricola ipse. laudābat modestiam disiectōsque coercēbat. loca castrīs ipse quaerēbat, et aestuāria ac silvās ipse praetemptābat. nec quiēs interim fruenda erat hostibus, sed petēbat cīvitātēs illōrum subitīs excursibus; atque ubī satis terruerat, parcendō rursus invītāmenta pācis ostendēbat. quibus rēbus multae cīvitātēs, quae līberae fuerant in illum diem, obsidēs dābant iramque ponēbant et, circumdātae praesidiīs castellīsque tantā rātiōne curāque ut nulla nova pars Britanniae antea ita inlacessīta fuisset.

GRAMMATICA

Operatives, in the past, you have seen sentences like this,

 

quis custodīvit ipsōs custodēs?
Who watched the watchers?

 

ubī est Malus?
Where is the bad guy?

 

These are questions, specifically direct questions.

 

You have now also encountered sentences like this,

 

nēmō sciēbat quis ipsōs custodēs custodīvisset.
No one was knowing who had watched the watchers.

 

Recentiī cōgnōverant ubi Malus latēret.
The Recentii found out where the bad guy was hiding.

 

Each of these sentences asks a question, but not directly - the question is only referred to- thus, they are called indirect questions. Indirect questions are a kind of subordinate subjunctive verb clause and are very easy to recognize. They are triggered by a question word such as quis, ubi, cur, num, etc... and the verb in the clause is always in the subjunctive. The main verb of the sentence will also often be one of asking, doubting, knowing, or the like. Here are some examples of direct questions juxtaposed with their indirect equivalents,

 

 

Direct Question Indirect Question
quid est rogāvit quid esset.
What is it?  He asked what it was.
ubi fuī? nēscīvit ubi fuissem. 
Where was I? He did not know where I had been. 

 

VERBA

agēns, agentis effective, powerful adjective
aspiciō, aspicere, aspēxī, aspectus to look at verb
castrum, castrī a military camp noun
comiter kindly adverb
commercium, commerciī trade noun
compescō, compescere, compescuī, - to confine, suppress, restrain verb
diligenter diligently adverb
dissimilitūdō, dissimilitūdinis difference noun
Eborācum, Eborācī York noun
factum, factī a deed noun
fēlīx, fēlīcis happy adjective
genus, generis a race, family, origin noun
īnfēlīx, īnfēlīcis unhappy, unfortunate adjective
īnsāniō, īnsānīre, insanīvī, insanītus to be senseless, without reason verb
mātūtīnus, mātūtīna, mātūtīnum of the morning adjective
modus, modī a measure, quantity noun
negōtium, negōtiī - n business noun
nimis too much adverb
ōlim at that time adverb
pius, pia, pium dutiful adjective
plānē utterly, entirely adverb
prīmitīvus, prīmitīva, prīmitīvum the first or earliest of its kind, primitive adjective
prōficiō, prōficere, prōfēcī, prōfectus to make progress, have success verb
quantō by how much adverb
quōmodo in what way? adverb
rapidē hurriedly, rapidly adverb
sinō, sinere, sīvī, situs to let, let down, set verb
subeō, subīre, subiī, subitus to go under, advance, approach verb
tribūnus, tribūnī a tribune noun
umquam at any time, ever adverb
valdē strongly, very much adverb
vāllō, vāllāre, vāllāvī, vāllātus to fortify verb
vērum, vērī the truth, honor noun
vītō, vītāre, vītāvī, vītātus to avoid, evade verb

CULTURALIA

 

Operative, this immersion seems to require that you research Roman military organization, especially the layout of the castra.  Any knowledge you gain at this point will be of immeasurable value in the immersions to come.

ATTUNEMENT

 

19.1.a

Directions: Turn each direct question into an indirect question and then translate the new sentence. The first one has been done for you as an example.

 

1. "quis es?" rogāvit Agricola.

Indirect Question: Agricola rogāvit quis essēs.   Agricola asked who you were.

 

2. "quomodō advēneramus hīc?" rogāvit Prīscus.

 

3. "quid volpēs dīxit? nēsciō," mussāvit mīlēs.

 

4. "cur ille vir edit crustulum?" voluimus cōgnōscere.

 

5. "quot hostēs mānsērunt in castrō?" rogāvit imperator.

 

 

 

 

Culturalia Questions 

Directions: Using the Culturalia links, answer the following questions.


1. What percentage of the legion consisted of non-citizens?

 

2. Who led troops and who did they have to report to?

 

3. What was the auxillia and what was their purpose?

 

4. What was the purpose of a castra?

 

5. What is the significance of the praetorium?

  

6. What is a main road and what was it used for?

 

7. Where did the camp get its main source of water?

 

 

NAV


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